Some Ideas on Roof Repair In Winterville, Ga You Should Know

Not known Details About Roof Repair Athens, Ga


Allow's be sincere with ourselves as homeowners. Our roof covering is not always top of mind. With very little respect to our roofing system besides occasional care upkeep, it's easy to forget or underlook, for that matter. Still, in truth, a roofing is just one of the crucial areas of the home. It protects your family from the components, includes curb allure, protects against leakages, and cuts heating & cooling expenses.


It's most likely why, as house owners, we require to fix it immediately when something goes wrong. Like numerous of us, we do not know the first point concerning a roofing system. There are numerous details and decisions to be made before picking the right roof for your home, yet it doesn't have to be overwhelming.


It's an interconnected system (sheathing, underlayment, ice and water membrane, blinking, air flow and shingles (https://www.anyflip.com/homepage/tmtzq).) And what you don't see is every bit as crucial as what you do. In addition to the shingles, here are a few of the primary components of an asphalt shingle roof, the most usual kind of roofing in the United States




7 Easy Facts About Roofers Winterville, Ga Explained


Your crew needs to be trained, insured, drug-free and job safe. It should acquire a license and have its job checked and accepted by your city or town and offer a guarantee. It pays to be individual with crew accessibility. Specialized roof coverings like metal or tile require specialized crews to carry out the mount appropriately.


Now you can do the entire point with a solitary see to an interactive online platform. allows visitors to compare roof covering items, pick shades and obtain a company, ensured reasonable estimate in much less than half an hour. The alternative is to call a solitary roof service provider and approve what they suggest, regardless of exactly how minimal the options.


Several of the popular asphalt tile items have an impact immune version. Let's claim your insurance covers your roofing price at $4 per SF, you might choose a better tile that offers much better defense or a developer appearance for allow's say $4.




Getting The Roofers Winterville, Ga To Work


If you're roofing system is 2000 square feet, that implies you're only paying $1000 (plus your deductible) for a high-end roofing that would normally cost $9000! It is unlawful for a service provider to provide to refund the expense of your insurance policy deductible to receive the task. Deny any kind of service provider that attempts to violate that regulation.




You could have to reveal a canceled check, cash order invoice, charge card declaration, or a copy of the layaway plan with your service provider. And simply in case getting mixed up in fraud allegations is not a huge enough caution, please understand that a contractor that covers your deductible is most likely making up for it in some way on the installation.




Roof Repair Athens, GaRoofers Winterville, Ga
Make certain the professional is prepared to cover your roofing system and keep it weather limited if thundercloud arrives after detach and before the brand-new roof covering is installed - roof installation winterville, ga. For colder climates, asphalt shingles have a harder time securing and settling under 40 degrees Fahrenheit however it depends upon the item




The Greatest Guide To Roof Repair Athens, Ga


 
Roofers Athens, Ga

The outdoor decking is the plywood foundation of the roofing system, to which the shingles attach. Underlay membrane is the water-resistant protective barrier in between the outdoor decking and shingles. Sears Home Solutions makes use of a resilient artificial underlayment that does not rip, like really felt or tar paper can (https://www.anyflip.com/homepage/tmtzq).


Flashing is a metal strip that covers gaps on a roof, such as where two roof covering sections satisfy or at the base of the smokeshaft or vents. The downside with steel flashing is that it rusts. Sears Home Provider rather utilizes an artificial waterproofing sealer to keep water from leaking between voids.


Here are some questions to ask specialists that you interview: Are you licensed and bound? What insurance coverage do you have? What service warranties do you attend to materials and labor? Is there an extensive guarantee? What does it include and how much time does it last? Just how much does it set you back? Who is accountable for obtaining the required authorizations? Do you comply with all appropriate codes and guidelines? What job have you carried out in my location? Every person wishes to conserve money, and while price is a factor to consider, one of the most fundamental part of the choice must be worth and return on financial investment.




Get This Report about Roof Repair In Athens, Ga


Does it include all products for your roofing substitute, right down to the nails? Removing and disposing of the old roof covering and providing the brand-new materials? Find out what occurs if there are unexpected prices, such as replacing the wood sheathing under the shingles.




Roof Repair Near Athens, GaRoof Installation Winterville, Ga
While a roof over cuts labor and disposal expenses, the potential troubles with this faster way vastly surpass the benefits. Roof overs shorten the life time of new tiles because warm and moisture accumulate under them. Issues with the underlying outdoor decking don't see the light of day, actually. And a roof over can void the warranty on the roof shingles.


Your brand-new roof will last a lot why not try these out longer. Good attic room ventilation aids a roof last longer. The best ventilation can reduce the attic temperature level in summer and minimize dampness build-up in wintertime (roof installation winterville, ga). Ask professionals what type of venting is consisted of both on the top of the roofing to exhaust warm air and in the eave soffit at the base of the roofing system to reel in fresh air.




Roof Installation Athens, Ga Can Be Fun For Everyone


You want the outdoor decking to be audio; attaching brand-new tiles to faulty wood can reduce the life of the roofing. Discover what the professional does if they locate unsound locations in the decking after they get rid of the old tiles. If they replace it, just how does it impact the price? Sears Home Services consists of 64 square feet of outdoor decking in the price to deal with little repair work required to keep your home dry.

 

Some Known Questions About Roof Repair In Athens, Ga.

6 Easy Facts About Roof Repair Athens, Ga Described


We've been replacing and repairing roof coverings in the better Raleigh location given that 1991, and with over 15,000 roofs worked on, we are much more than gotten ready for whatever your job throws our method.


Your roofing system is among one of the most vital components of your home's environmental envelope. Regretfully, it's also consistently the resource of usual issues like water breach. Your roof covering is additionally likely the part of your home you offer the least quantity of believed to when there isn't a noticeable issue.


For some home owners, what they assume will certainly take a repair work will actually require a substitute. For instance, allow's claim you notice a leak. You enter into your attic room, place some discoloration, and assume you identified the problem. What you might not see is that there are numerous leaks that endangered the wood that holds your roofing up.




3 Easy Facts About Roof Repair Athens, Ga Described


The final expense of your home roof covering repairs will pivot on a couple of aspects. Asphalt shingles are usual and affordable, so repairs are much less.


The unfortunate reality is that several major roofing repair services occur since of an unintended kind of overlook. You can avoid these repair work with regular roof covering inspections by an accredited roofing contractor.


TC Backer specializes in roof repairs and setup for the Dover, PA area. Learn extra concerning our > The blog post 5 Points You Ought To Know About Roof Repairs showed up initial on TC Backer Building And Construction.




Roof Installation Athens, Ga Fundamentals Explained


Roofing system repair services are commonly an unavoidable task for home owners (Roof repair near athens, ga). While you may not have the ability to fix every issue that occurs on your own, there are minor roof covering repair work that you can apply. And although you may require to employ experts for extra considerable problems or projects, you can rely upon these very easy roofing repair ideas to conserve you money




 
Roof Repair Near Winterville, Ga

If you see a concern with your roofing, it's best to deal with it immediately rather than putting it off. There are simply some things that you can not deal with, despite exactly how hard you try. If encountered with an issue that can not be repaired, recognize when to approve it.




Roof Repair In Athens, GaRoofers Athens, Ga
A lot of professionals and roof covering companies will give you a complimentary repair service quote for the work that needs to be done to offer you with a much better idea of the length of time it will take and the price. For any type of major repairs or substitutes, see to it to study regional professionals and find the ideal one for the work.




The Best Guide To Roofers Winterville, Ga




When making any kind of repair work to your roof covering, do not cut corners on the quality of the items or materials. https://www.artstation.com/jeffmcelheney7/profile. It might be tempting to cut some prices by utilizing less expensive goods, yet see to it to concentrate on getting the best products possible to make certain that you fix the issue locations well and prevent future concerns




Roof Repair In Winterville, GaRoofers Winterville, Ga
It could appear like a flat roofing is simpler to keep maintained, but that is absolutely not the instance. Flat roofings are extra vulnerable to water pooling and weight damage, so you need to watch out for that. If you locate issues occurring with water damages to your roof, eliminate the harmed product and apply a hefty layer of roof covering concrete, a brand-new set of the material, and a solid row of secured roof nails to give the roofing system the most sustain feasible.


Do not forget to seal around all the vents in the roofing system and the smokeshaft to maintain every little thing watertight. If a bad storm has created particles to fall onto your roofing, examine the caulking to ensure no fractures have actually created that will produce a lot more comprehensive issues later on. Home fixings can get pricey, and roofs are no differenttry to do what you about his can to recover anything that isn't totally broken.




Roofers Winterville, Ga Can Be Fun For Everyone


Roof Repair Winterville, GaRoof Repair Near Athens, Ga
Newer homes will likely still have a warranty left on the roofing so that you can benefit from those financial savings. Roof repair near athens, ga. Furthermore, inspect the municipal and state legislations regarding home maintenancemake sure that your repairs will certainly still be within all current codes and roof borders, saving yourself money and time on repairs that could have to be redone or become code


It is among the most costly home renovating tasks you'll ever before tackle! With this being true I'm sure we can agree that as a homeowner you need to do everything in your power to make sure you hire a seasoned contractor the very initial time you change your roof.


Once more, is to require time planning for obtaining your initial collection of roof quotes (Roof repair near athens, ga). Seems basic, however it is among the essential steps most property owners miss. They're a lot more concerned regarding just how much the roof covering will set you back- the quote itself- than they have to do with whether or not the roofer will certainly install your roof making use of market best technique and maker guidelines

 

The Basic Principles Of Adapt Roofing Central Coast

Fascination About Adapt Roofing Central Coast

 

 



Gutter and also Roofing Fixings supplies roofing examinations, suggestions as to whether your roof requires repair work, restoration or replacement, and also a quote for the expense of this work.


If you are looking for a professional roofer, there is a whole lot that needs to be thought about. After all, your roof is one part of your building that can either take the worth of your residence to new elevations or cause it to decrease considerably. It can likewise be very pricey to maintain if you permit problems to get out of hand.


So, with that being stated, review on to discover some of the various things that you need to take into consideration The first thing that you ought to do is discover out concerning how long the firm has been in organization. You will likewise desire to make certain that the group is experienced.

 

 

 

7 Simple Techniques For Adapt Roofing Central Coast


A lot of individuals often tend to think that all roof covering firms are mosting likely to have the proper licensing and also insurance policy. Nonetheless, this is not something you must simply take for granted. You require to inspect that this is actually the instance. It is additionally a good idea to check out evaluations that have been left by individuals who have currently utilized the services of the roof covering firm concerned before.


With independent testimonial platforms, you recognize that the service provider does not have any impact over the comments that has actually been left. You must also take an appearance at some of the job that the company has actually executed up until now. You should have the ability to view photos of this on their website.


Do not just go for the cheapest cost you can find, as this can frequently show that corners have actually been reduced. Make certain that the cost is reasonable. You ought to discover what is included in the quote to ensure that you can ensure that there are not any surprises in the process.

 

 

 

Adapt Roofing Central Coast Fundamentals Explained


That's why picking the appropriate roofing product is so important. There are a couple of various roof products that are well fit for the Adelaide climate.


If you're looking for a roofing material that can hold up against the severe weather in Adelaide, steel roof covering is an excellent option.




If you're taking into consideration metal roof covering for your home in Adelaide, Your Roof covering Remediation can mount, repair or recover your property steel roofing.

 

 

 

The smart Trick of Adapt Roofing Central Coast That Nobody is Talking About


All of our employees are trained and also certified to make certain they satisfy our business's high assumptions. We are additionally members of Australia's Housing Industry Association (HIA), adhering to their high requirements for every single task we do. HIA is accountable for guaranteeing market requirements for real estate as well as is a companion network for certified organizations in the residence structure sector.


Our membership even more demonstrates the public count on bought us to always do a stellar job as well as satisfy assumptions. When it comes to the products we use, we specifically use Monier roofing products since they were found to fulfill high expectations. Monier boasts several roofing tiles and products which are suggested to shield versus the essential pressures, therefore securing your roof against damages.


A roof task shouldn't call for countless fixings after the truth: instead, as a result of the products we make use of, you can expect an click for more appropriate, enduring roofing system by the completion of our solutions. It's our business's viewpoint that this should be every consumer's expectation which is why our roofing solutions have been recommended time and also time once more.

 

 

 

Not known Incorrect Statements About Adapt Roofing Central Coast


Hipped roofs are likewise prominent in Australia, particularly in locations with high winds. They are designed to stand up to strong winds and also can be constructed with either trusses or rafters. Hip roofings are more costly than gabled roofs, however they supply enhanced security from the components. Flat roofings are an usual roof key in Australia, specifically in urban areas.


Level roofings need to be evaluated on a regular basis for any type of indicators of damages or damage. Skillion roofing systems are a sort of flat roofing that is coming to be significantly popular in Australia. They resemble flat roofs but have a sloped design that enables for much better drain. Skillion roofings can be built with either trusses or rafters, and are normally made from steel or asphalt.


Sawtooth roof coverings are a kind of hipped roofing that is defined by their sawtooth-shaped design (Adapt Roofing Central Coast). Sawtooth roofs are more pricey than various other sorts of roofs, yet they use enhanced protection from the components as well as can be built with either trusses or rafters. Saltbox roofings are a kind of gabled roofing that is characterized by their asymmetrical layout.

 

 

 

The Best Strategy To Use For Adapt Roofing Central Coast


Saltbox roofs must be inspected consistently for any kind of signs of damages or deterioration.

 

 

 

Adapt Roofing Central CoastAdapt Roofing Central Coast
Industrial roofing products are typically chosen based upon the function of the business building; if the commercial building functions heavy equipment, the roof material have to be able to withstand heat discharge. On the various other hand, property roofs are usually built with respect to the home owner's personal choices concerning look, toughness, and upkeep.


Generally talking, commercial roofings are considerably bigger picture the dimension of a roof on a mall contrasted to the size of the roofing on your residence. Furthermore, For instance, commercial roofing systems have to have a larger load-bearing capability than household roofs commonly even if of the materials entailed in their construction.

 

 

 

Some Known Facts About Adapt Roofing Central Coast.


Business visit the site roofers should think about the function of the industrial building and the unique specifications that affect the roof's construction, domestic professionals must be informed about the certain demands of their customers. Clearly, both kinds of roofings need to be created to stand up to the climate of the area, however domestic types often tend to be created with an eye for aesthetic as well as commercial roofs with a mind on capability.

 

 

 

Adapt Roofing Central CoastAdapt Roofing Central Coast
We are the only roof covering company with 190+ 5 Star Google Reviews. We have been voted anonymous one of the finest roof services for the year 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 as well as 2023 by.

 

 

 

Adapt Roofing Central CoastAdapt Roofing Central Coast
Your roof covering is worth spending into Roofings are exposed constantly to the components, especially in our remarkable Queensland environment! Blistering hot sun, torrential rainfalls, hail storms, wind as well as dry spell. The protector of your home as well as your possessions, it goes without saying, your roof is an essential component of your home or service.

 

 

 

A Biased View of Adapt Roofing Central Coast


2 of these decisions are working with a roof covering specialist and picking your tile. This includes finding a roof covering specialist that installs the kind of roof shingles without doing the rest of the study needed to find a wonderful roofing professional.
 

Excitement About Roofing Company

Some Known Details About Roofing Company


Changing entire sections of a roof covering prices around $2,823 generally. The precise price of roofing repair services will differ depending upon the type of repair work, the size of the roof covering, and also what materials are made use of. Recurring labor as well as material scarcities, triggered partially by the COVID-19 pandemic, may also increase market value.




Germantown Roof Pros GermantownGermantown Roof Pros Roof Repair


Whether your roofing is in requirement of minor fixings, a total overhaul, or just a deep tidy, Push pin is here to assist. Begin by entering your postal code, then browse through a checklist of regional experts. Each carrier has their own account, which reveals client evaluations, a listing of services as well as prices.


* A note about task costs featured in this write-up: Figures represent national ordinary expense price quotes utilizing information supplied by Tack pros as well as added research study. Usual Signs of Roofing Failing & What You Must Do about Them


Your roofing system is perhaps among the most vital components of your residence. It shields your family members, your items, and the structure of your home from exterior aspects. When Buffalo's severe weather condition beginnings to take its toll, it is essential to identify the demand for crucial repairs. We recognize that homeowners never ever look onward to the price of roofing repair services however remember that a full roofing replacement is much more costly.




Roofing ContractorGermantown Roof Pros


At William C. Rott and Child, we carry out complimentary examinations to help house owners understand when roofing system and also ceiling repair services are needed. Throughout our analyses, we seek several indications of damages as well as these are four red flags that indicate repair services are required. If you see any one of these signs, schedule an expert evaluation ASAP.




Indicators on Germantown Roof Pros Roof Replacement You Should Know


There are numerous kinds of roofing system shingles (including asphalt, steel, clay, and also slate), however the most typical type right here in Buffalo is asphalt. Over time, asphalt shingles will start to reveal signs of wear and also tear.


A seamless gutter packed with granules can show some seriously damaged roof shingles, so take note. If you see any of these issues, speak to a professional to replace broken roof shingles prior to they aggravate. It's far better to repair or replace a couple of than to realize you require an entire roofing system replacement.


Higher wetness levels, particularly after a tornado, can top article suggest that your roof covering has fractures or holes. One of the most visible indicators have a tendency to include: A boost in dust mites Build or mildew development Sudden allergic reaction problems Damp air and also sticky surfaces Condensation on home windows, mirrors, or pipes Peeling paint or fractured stucco Musty, stale odors Too much moisture degrees aren't simply harmful to your residence.




Unknown Facts About Roofer




Remain on top of your roof covering's demands. A simple patch can often take care of a leakage, and that's certainly more effective over requiring a full replacement once the leak aggravates.


If you see unexpected rises, without clear descriptions, there could be a leakage in your roofing. All of us discovered in science class that heat rises. Throughout a chilly Buffalo winter months, if every one of your residence's warm air is running away up via damaged roofing system shingles, your systems will need to work double time to maintain the building warm.


Similarly, in the summertime, you do not desire your costly a/c leaving with damaged tiles. Keep a close eye on your power usage and also check into the scenario if there's a severe spike. The option might be arranging a quick flash repair work or replacing the seals around your roof covering's vents.




Not known Factual Statements About Germantown Roof Pros Roofing Company


Buffalo's serious weather is difficult on roofs. Also our rainstorms can temporary roof repair be serious as well as unforgiving. When water gets under your tiles, it can damage the framework of your residence you can try here as well as lead to decaying wood. This can after that trigger your decking and rafters to sag. In the winter seasons, snow can likewise sit on your roof covering for days or perhaps weeks.


The weight of the snow alone can cause your roof covering to sag. Visual examinations are vitally vital to capture these issues before they aggravate.




 


When you see the very first warning indications and also assume you could require roof repair services, call a seasoned roof leak repair company. A skilled specialist will certainly help you determine architectural damage as well as act to remedy problems swiftly. We all wish to safeguard our enjoyed ones as well as our residences from the severe Buffalo weather condition.




Some Known Details About Germantown Roof Pros Roofing Company


Routine evaluations and also tiny roofing system shingle fixings reduce the requirement for large, pricey replacements. Aesthetically evaluate your roof usually as well as speak to an expert if you spot a concern. Troubles with roof shingles, high wetness levels, power usage spikes, as well as drooping are all points to seek. Don't wait to secure your house from damages.


Get In Touch With William C. Rott & Kid for all your needs, consisting of cost-free inspections, affordable roof covering repair solutions, and complete roof replacements with 0% funding and also twelve month of no payments for qualified consumers.

 

United Veterans Roofing - Cherry Hill Roof Replacement Can Be Fun For Everyone

Little Known Facts About Cherry Hill Nj Roofers.


Which one is ideal for your brake repair service work? The local mechanic bargains with all types of repairs or cars that need even more than one service.


If your roofing system is 200,000 sq. ft., your range to discovering a roofer broadens. This is because overhead expenses (such as gas and time to reach your roof) are a meager percentage of the complete price of the work. The larger the project, the extra options you have (cost-effective-wise) in picking the ideal roofer.


Residential professional roofer are known for doing roof shingles job in regional locations. Shingles are the roofing system that many residential roofer use since of their looks - United Veterans Roofing - Cherry Hill storm damage roof repair. A metal roof covering wouldn't look as enticing as a roof shingles roofing, which can have several design choices to best match the remainder of the residence.




Roof Installation In Cherry Hill NjUnited Veterans Roofing - Cherry Hill Roof Installation


Right here are the most usual sorts of roof covering systems and also a quick summary of each. Spray polyurethane foam, or spray foam, is a roof system set up as a fluid. It expands right into a foam, creating a closed-cell, monolithic layer over an existing roof system. The very best part regarding a spray foam roofing system is that the initial setup calls for the least amount of tear-off of the existing roofing system as possible.




Get This Report about Roof Replacement In Cherry Hill Nj


This provides the roof an additional 10-20-year service warranty, doesn't call for any tear-off, as well as is set up for to 1/3 of the price of any various other roofing system. Single-ply roof are sheets of rubber or synthetics that can be ballasted (use rocks to hold the roofing down), mechanically fastened (usage screws as well as plates to hold the roofing down), or chemically stuck (using sticky to hold the roof covering down). The very best part concerning a single-ply roof covering is that it's simple for a professional roofer to mount, which suggests it can be much less expensive than other roof covering kinds. Metal roofing is making use of huge metal panels that are set up over the insulation on a roof covering. Most metal roofing systems usage corrugated galvanized steel, although various other products such as light weight aluminum or tin can also be utilized.


Roof shingles are primarily for residential real estate as a result of aesthetic appeals, but they are likewise common in other frameworks such as churches as well as barns. Tiles can be made from timber, slate, metal, plastic, ceramic, and composite materials such as asphalt. The most effective component about roof shingles roofing systems is that a lot of service providers can install them, as well their website as there are several choices for shades and design.




Roof Installation In Cherry Hill NjUnited Veterans Roofing - Cherry Hill Residential Roofers
In the simplest terms, it's mounted by: Removing all the saturated areas off of the existing roof, Replacing the saturated areas with brand-new, completely dry products, Cleaning the existing roof covering, Adding layer overtop of the entire roofing system There are various other actions, such as adhesion tests to make sure the finishing will carry out as it should, seam therapies if the roof has seams, and also a couple of other fast steps.




 


Another benefit is that silicone roof covering finishings are considered a repair work as well as not another roof. This is critical for roof coverings with two or even more roof installed. As a result of constructing codes mentioning that the optimum quantity of roof an industrial roof can have is 2, an entire roof may require to be gotten rid of to mount any various other roof besides silicone finish.




The Single Strategy To Use For United Veterans Roofing - Cherry Hill Roof Replacement


Roof Replacement In Cherry Hill NjRoof Installation In Cherry Hill Nj
We are not the best fit for every roof covering scenario. Greg Palya is the Digital Content Manager of West Roof Covering Equipments, Inc.


in Marketing from advertising and marketing University of Akron and a MBA in Marketing from Walsh University. You can discover him on the basketball court or golf program when he's not trying to teach others concerning spray foam roof covering and silicone roof covering finishings.




 

 



Whether establishing a brand-new roof covering on your brand-new Ottawa house or replacing one that is older that is no more performing its job, there are great deals of options in regards to the sort of roof products obtainable. A few of the different choices sloping roof contain shingles asphalt, floor tile, steel and also several various other sorts of roof.




Not known Details About United Veterans Roofing - Cherry Hill


You could be attracted to avoid repair of damaged roof shingles; yet the damages will possibly worsen with time. This might eventually result in leaks as well as a lot more structural damages. When water moves underneath the tiles, it might rot the wood underneath. If your roof covering displays signs of more than just little damages, it may be time for you to replace it.


When selecting roof shingles for your roofing system, initial aspects are just how the finished roofing system will show up. A wonderful roofing organization supplies you with choices for several roof shingles shades and also layouts. You should also have the ability to locate options in stain-resistant or low-maintenance roof shingles. If the seamless gutters on your home are irregular or leaking, you will need them fixed and also straightened out before them appropriately routing the water away from your residence.


If a roof is not appropriately dealt with Source or installed there is a big amount of property damage that can strike the things inside your home or business and it could bring about a good deal of suffering. roofing in Cherry Hill NJ. Lu.


We make use of cookies on our internet site to offer you the most pertinent experience by remembering your preferences as well as repeat check outs. By clicking "Accept", you consent to the usage of ALL the cookies. United Veterans Roofing - Cherry Hill.




Not known Incorrect Statements About Roof Installation In Cherry Hill Nj


Hiring the Right Roofers in Irving TXRoofers are individuals who mount roof ceramic tiles. They are additionally recognized as Roofer or roof covering woodworkers. There are numerous kinds of but the kinds can be separated right into 4 main classifications: These are roofing contractors that are mostly liable for installing shingles, tiles, drinks and various other items that obtain nailed into the roof.

 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15